Southern Bald Ibis

Bird Name: Southern Bald Ibis
Scientific Name: Geronticus calvus

Appearance:
The Southern Bald Ibis is a species of interest due to its striking appearance. This elegant bird sports a glossy blue-black plumage, with shades ranging from jet black to bluish-purple, especially visible under sunshine. Its name is derived from its bald red head and neck, a characteristic trait that makes it easy to identify. A Hispanic mustache-like feature marks its thin, elongated bill, which is black and curved, adapted for catching and holding on to its prey. They also have a pair of bright blue eyes, framed by a red orbital ring. The genders are similar in appearance, with the females being slightly smaller than the males.

Size:
Typically, a Southern Bald Ibis can grow up to 75-80 cm tall (29.5-31.5 inches), with a wingspan reaching 125-135 cm (49-53 inches). Their weight varies between 1 to 1.5 kilograms (2.2-3.3 pounds), with males usually heavier.

Habitat & Distribution:
Indigenous to Southern Africa, the Southern Bald Ibis predominantly resides in Lesotho, and eastern South Africa. They inhabit natural grasslands, rocky hills, and cliff ledges. They have shown a penchant for higher altitudes, often found in mountains and plateaus.

Interesting Facts:
1) These birds form monogamous pair bonds that last for life.
2) Their bald heads are believed to keep them clean while feeding on carrion.
3) In South Africa, this bird is culturally significant, even appearing on the country’s two-cent coin.

Diet:
Carnivorous by nature, the Southern Bald Ibis mostly consumes insects, especially locusts and beetles. Occasionally, they also eat small reptiles, amphibians, and snails.

Behavior & Sounds:
Southern Bald Ibises are social creatures and often observed in flocks. They indulge in cooperative breeding, where nests are maintained collectively. Bathing in water bodies and preening their feathers are common behaviors marking their cleanliness. The bird’s calls are distinctive – a series of low, guttural grunts and high-pitched cackling sounds during flights or feeding conversations.

Conservation Status:
As of the most recent assessment, the Southern Bald Ibis is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Despite conservation endeavors, their population has been declining due to various threats like habitat loss, farming pesticides, and climate change.

Lifespan:
In the wild, these birds typically live up to 25-30 years. In captivity, their lifespan can extend up to an impressive 34 years.

Additional Notes:
In Zulu, this bird is commonly known as “Inyoni Yenkulu,” meaning “the big bird.” The Southern Bald Ibis plays a crucial role in ecosystems as they control the population of insects and other small invertebrates. In addition, they are highly integrated into local societies, having been opted as a mascot for a few football clubs in the region.