Demoiselle Crane
1. Bird Name
English Name: Demoiselle Crane
Scientific (Latin) Name: Anthropoides virgo
2. Appearance
The Demoiselle Crane is one of the most visually appealing crane species seen today. With a dark slate grey upper-body, it bears distinctive white patches that extend from the eye to the nape of the neck. It sports graceful long black plumes that curvously hang from its breast to behind. This crane’s abdomen and underneath are primarily white. The legs are almost black, contrasting with the beak, which tends to be light grey with a hint of pink. The bird’s gaze is piercingly bright, reflecting vibrant orange hues. There is negligible sexual dimorphism, making it challenging to distinguish between males and females based on appearance.
3. Size
The Demoiselle Crane stands modest at a height of 85-100 cm (33–39 inches). It carries a robust average wingspan of approximately 155-170 cm (61–67 inches). They typically weigh between 2 to 3 kilograms.
4. Habitat & Distribution
The Demoiselle Crane has a wide geographical range extending from Asia to Europe. Preferring grasslands, in Asia, they are spotted in Mongolia to Northern India. Europe sees them in Ukraine, Turkey, and, occasionally, the Greek islands. They migrate long distances to winter in India and Africa, traversing mountain ranges, deserts, and sea. The Demoiselle Crane inhabits largely flat terrains in regions with low vegetation to guard against predators.
5. Interesting Facts
The Demoiselle Crane’s name originated from the French term “demoiselle” meaning “young lady” or “maiden” due to its elegant and graceful appearance. It takes pride in being the smallest species among cranes and engages in a complex courtship dance that consists of leaps, bows, and runs. These cranes are known for their ability to fly over the Himalayas, attaining altitudes of up to 26,000 feet to avoid predators during their migrations.
6. Diet
Primarily herbivorous, the Demoiselle Crane’s diet consists of plant materials such as grass seeds, corn, barley, and other cereals, although it will not shy away from insects, beetles, and other small invertebrates when the opportunity arises.
7. Behavior & Sounds
Demoiselle Cranes are social birds living in large flocks, particularly during migration. They communicate using distinctive sounds that resemble high-pitched trumpeting notes, carrying over long distances. Due to their preference for flat open spaces, they’re known for their vigilant behavior. In flight, the cranes streamline their long necks and legs and beat their wings measuredly, achieving impressive speed and agility.
8. Conservation Status
Currently, the IUCN Red List classifies the Demoiselle Crane as of “Least Concern” as they have a large, stable population spread across several countries.
9. Lifespan
Demoiselle Cranes can live up to 20 years in the wild, while in captivity, their lifespan might extend to 25 years due to a more stable environment and consistent food supply.
10. Additional Notes
In several Middle Eastern and Asian traditions, Demoiselle Cranes are considered symbols of peace and long life. This species has a significant place in the ecosystem as it helps in seed dispersal and insect control. Humans have historically respected and protected these birds, considering them ‘good luck charms,’ especially in India, where thousands of them descend in winter. Sinkli, a dance in Rajasthan, India, mimics the graceful courtship dance of these cranes.
