coragyps atratus

1. Bird Name
English Name: Black Vulture
Scientific (Latin) Name: Coragyps atratus

2. Appearance
Black Vultures are relatively large birds characterized by their dark plumage, hence the name. They have pristine black feathers throughout their bodies and heads, lacking the lighter coloration found in certain other vulture species. Their heads are small, bald, and sport a gray-black skin color; this lack of plumage on their heads is an adaptation that helps them stay clean while eating carrion. Their beaks are hooked, strong and perfectly designed for tearing into their meals. They also have slightly silvery wings which are visible during flight. There’s no noticeable difference in coloration, size, or markings between males and females.

3. Size
Black Vultures average about 60 cm (approximately 23.5 inches) in length. They typically possess a wingspan ranging from 137 to 150 cm (54 to 59 inches). The weight of an adult Black Vulture can vary from 1.6 to 2.75 kg (3.5-6 lbs approx), with small variations between males and females.

4. Habitat & Distribution
Black Vultures inhabit a broad range that includes the Southeastern United States down through Central and South America. They are often spotted in open, lowland habitats but can be observed in varying locations such as forests, shrublands, and wetlands. They also adapt well to human-influenced landscapes, including suburban areas, and often roost on man-made structures.

5. Interesting Facts
Unlike other vulture species that rely heavily on their sense of smell to find carrion, Black Vultures depend more on their exceptional vision. They often observe other vultures descending to a carcass and follow suit. Also, these vultures possess a unique and occasionally menacing behavior known as ‘mobbing,’ where they gather to drive away other smaller vulture species from a carcass. From a cultural perspective, in various South American cultures, Black Vultures are regarded as a symbol of cleansing and renewal due to their role in disposing of dead animals.

6. Diet
Black Vultures are scavengers; their primary diet consists of carrion. They feast on the carcasses of dead animals, having a preference for freshly dead meat. They are also known to eat eggs or kill newborn animals.

7. Behavior & Sounds
Black Vultures are social birds often seen in large flocks. They roost in communal settings, often alongside other vulture species. This species lacks a voice box which limits their vocalizations to hisses and grunts, mostly heard when they feel threatened or while feeding.

8. Conservation Status
According to the IUCN Red List, the Black Vulture is classified as ‘Least Concern’ (LC). Their populations are widespread and are even increasing in some areas due to their adaptability to human landscapes.

9. Lifespan
The lifespan of a Black Vulture in the wild is approximately 10 to 25 years. However, in captivity, they can live up to 40 years, given the right conditions.

10. Additional Notes
In Spanish-speaking regions within their range, Black Vultures are often called ‘zopilote negro.’ These birds play a critical role in their ecosystems by quickly disposing of carcasses and preventing the spread of disease. Notably, they are one of the few bird species known to use stones and other tools to crack open eggs. As they have become more present in human-populated areas, their reputation is unfortunately tainted by occasional harmful interactions, such as damaging property or preying on livestock. Efforts are being directed towards educating the public about the species’ ecological importance and implementing deterrent strategies to coexist peacefully with these scavengers.