sparrow bird

1. Bird name
The bird in question here is the Sparrow. It belongs to the family called Passeridae, and their scientific name is Passer domesticus.

2. Appearance
The Sparrow is a small bird, generally brown, with a compact body. Their feathers have varying shades of brown and gray. A distinguishing characteristic is the black patch spotting the chest of the male Sparrow, which is absent in the females. The male Sparrows also have more vibrant coloration, with a mixture of gray and chestnut on their heads. Females and younger birds are duller in color.

3. Size
Sparrows are small; they are typically around 16 cm (6.3 inches) in length. Their weight ranges from 24 – 39.5 grams (0.85 – 1.4 ounces), with a wingspan of about 7-8 inches.

4. Habitat & Distribution
Sparrows are found worldwide. They are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but have been introduced successfully to South America, Australia, New Zealand, and North America. They can most commonly be found in urban centers and farmland environments, though they can adapt to almost any environment. They are known for their resilience and adaptability, qualities which have allowed them to invade many parts of the world successfully.

5. Interesting Facts
Despite their common presence, a few unusual characteristics make Sparrows fascinating. They are monogamous, staying with one partner until death. Additionally, Sparrows prefer to eat with one another in groups. They are also robust and hardy, able to survive in sub-freezing temperatures.

6. Diet
Sparrows typically eat seeds and small insects. They are, however, adaptable and omnivorous, willing to eat whatever is available, including food scraps discarded by humans.

7. Behavior & Sounds
Sparrows are crafty nest builders who create a domed nest of grass and sticks into trees, shrubs, or nooks of buildings. Their chatter is identified by the simple, consistent chirping sound that becomes a joyful noise in most city centers.

8. Conservation Status
According to the IUCN Red List, the House Sparrow is of least concern when it comes to conservation status globally. However, in some regions such as the United Kingdom, their numbers have been in sharp decline.

9. Lifespan
The lifespan of a Sparrow, on average, is estimated to be around three years in the wild. However, in captivity, they can live up to 12 years.

10. Additional Information
In many cultures, the Sparrow symbolizes joy, protection, simplicity, and community. They are celebrated in literature and folklore for being friendly and associated with good luck. The decline in Sparrow numbers in urban cities due to rapid urbanization may indirectly impact their local ecosystems, mainly because they feed on many harmful insects. Their decline is often an indicator of an unhealthy environment. Besides, despite their small size and apparent insignificance, Sparrows play a vital role in our ecosystems, aiding in pest control, and aiding the dispersion and growth of wild plants, thanks to their seed-eating habits.