loon
1. Bird Name
Common Loon, also known as Great Northern Diver (Gavia immer)
2. Appearance
The common loon is known for its distinctive black-and-white checkered back, black head and neck, and brilliant red eyes. Its bill is sharp and pointed, almost dagger-like, typically black or dark gray in color. The plumage is relatively heavy, with a streamlined body and webbed feet, making them superb swimmers. In winter, their plumage is a dull gray above and white below. There are subtle differences between males and females, though they are nearly identical visually; males are generally larger.
3. Size
An adult loon is around 70-90 cm in length with a wingspan that can range from 127 to 147 cm. They typically weigh anywhere from 2.7 kg to 6.3 kg.
4. Habitat & Distribution
The common loon inhabits freshwater lakes and larger ponds, mainly in the northern areas of North America, Greenland, and Iceland. During winter, they migrate to coastal areas in the United States, Eastern Asia, and Western Europe. They favor habitats with clear water, which allows them to see their prey underwater.
5. Interesting Facts
Unique features about the loon include its ability to dive to depths of up to 200 feet in search of food and their migratory pattern, where they typically fly solo or in small groups rather than large flocks. Their eerie, haunting vocalizations have also played a significant role in Native American folklore and symbolism.
6. Diet
Loons are carnivorous birds, primarily surviving on a diet of fish, but they will also consume crustaceans, frogs, snails, and leeches when necessary.
7. Behavior & Sounds
Loons are solitary birds, often found alone or in small family groups. They have four main calls: the tremolo, wail, yodel, and hoot, which they use to communicate danger, location, and territorial rights. Each yodel is unique to the individual loon making it, similar to a human fingerprint.
8. Conservation Status
The common loon is listed as a species of Least Concern according to the IUCN Red List, though certain populations have shown declines due to habitat alteration, pollution, and human disturbance.
9. Lifespan
A common loon can live from 15-30 years in the wild, with some even reaching up to 40 years.
10. Additional Notes
Common loons are an integral part of the ecosystems they inhabit, controlling certain fish populations. Human activities and development, however, have led to loon mortality due to lead poisoning (from ingesting fishing gear) and collisions with boats. Various conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and preserve their habitats.
