harlequin
1. Bird Name
The English name of this bird is Harlequin Duck, and its scientific (Latin) name is Histrionicus histrionicus.
2. Appearance
Harlequin Ducks are known for their striking, multicolored plumage. The male Harlequin Duck has a dark blue body with chestnut flanks and white streaks running along the body. They also have distinct white spots near the eyes, and more rustic, white streaks from the crown to the back of the neck. Their beaks are short and dark, and their eyes are dark brown. Female Harlequin Ducks, on the other hand, are drabber, with a mottled brown body, a white patch around the eye and a white lower belly.
3. Size
On average, Harlequin Ducks are around 14-20 inches (35-50 cm) in length, with a wingspan of approximately 26 inches (66 cm). Their average weight ranges from 500-700 grams, with males generally being larger and heavier than females.
4. Habitat & Distribution
Harlequin Ducks are found in the coastal regions of North America, namely the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. In winter, they are usually seen along rocky shorelines and in summer, they prefer fast-flowing rivers and streams within dense forests. Interestingly, two populations exist; one on the East coast and one on the West, with little overlap between them.
5. Interesting Facts
Some interesting facts about the Harlequin Duck include their resilience to cold water, being able to endure heavy whitewater rapids, which is unusual in comparison to other ducks. They are also among the more silent species of ducks, only making calls during courtship or when threatened. An interesting cultural reference is their name, Harlequin, which comes from a theatrical character in Italian comedia dell’arte, often depicted in multicolored costume.
6. Diet
Harlequin Ducks have a varied diet; they typically feed on a variety of aquatic insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish.
7. Behavior & Sounds
Harlequin Ducks are known for their agile swimming, especially in turbulent water bodies, and their frequent diving for food. Their call, characteristic of the males, is a soft, low whistle. They are mostly silent and are more vocally active in the breeding season.
8. Conservation Status
The Harlequin Duck is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, however, certain regional populations, especially those in eastern North America, are recognized as endangered or at risk due to ecosystem degradation and oil pollution.
9. Lifespan
Harlequin Ducks have a lengthy lifespan for a duck species, reaching up to 15 years of age in the wild. Their lifespan in captivity may be even longer, exceeding 20 years.
10. Additional Notes
In various regions, Harlequin Ducks are locally referred to with names that describe their appearance or habitat preference, such as “rock duck” or “sea mouse”. They also have an important role in the ecosystem as they prey on various small aquatic creatures, therefore, they can help regulate the populations of these organisms. Despite their endearing look, they’re known for being quite shy and wary of humans, usually staying at a safe distance. But with their role in folklore and their interesting traits, Harlequin Ducks continue to fascinate bird watchers, researchers, and admirers.
