Great Thick-knee

1. Bird Name
Commonly known as the Great Thick-knee, or more officially, the Eurasian Thick-knee, this bird species is scientifically labeled as Esacus recurvirostris.

2. Appearance
The Great Thick-knee offers a distant appearance of folk art, bearing unique markings that make it easily recognizable. Body coloration predominantly varies between sandy browns and pale whites, dotted and striped by darker brown and black markings that serve as an exciting highlight. Its wings bear a sense of uniqueness as they radiate with a significant splash of white. Eyes, possessing a striking yellow color, complement its hefty beak. This thick, long bill curves upwards and possesses a black color, making it a remarkable sight.

3. Size
The Great Thick-knee is a fairly large bird compared to its counterparts. On average, it boasts a length of about 57 cm (22.4 inches). Its wingspan pushes boundaries at an average of 86 cm (33.8 inches). The weight varies within the bird species, ranging between 1.1 kg to 1.25 kg.

4. Habitat & Distribution
Great Thick-knee birds are native to the regions of South Asia, stretching across to Southeast Asia. Their distribution embraces countries of Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. They prefer habitats by water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and coasts. Though they are not exclusive to those habitats, they can also be found in dryer regions like semi-deserts.

5. Interesting Facts
Here are some fascinating facts about the Great Thick-knee: Firstly, their thick knees are not a result of swelling as one might think. Instead, these birds possess large knee joints that cause the appearance of thickness. Secondly, despite their rather hulky appearance, Great Thick-knees are known to be swift flyers. Lastly, they are primarily active during the night, making them unique amongst most birds.

6. Diet
A typical diet for the Great Thick-knee consists of insects, crabs, snails, and small fishes. However, they are not beyond indulging in mammals like rodents occasionally.

7. Behavior & Sounds
Great Thick-knees are monogamous, often seen in pairs, and defend territories energetically. They have a unique nesting style, preferring to lay their eggs in sand or pebble patches. Their flying pattern is powerful, relying on strong, regular wing beats. The bird has a rather distinctive call that comes off as a haunting whistle, often emitted at night in its nocturnal routine.

8. Conservation Status
According to the IUCN Red List, the Great Thick-knee is categorized under “Least Concern,” indicating that it is not currently a threatened species. However, ongoing habitat destruction in some regions may affect its population distribution.

9. Lifespan
In the wild, the Great Thick-knee is reported to live up to 15 years, a considerable lifespan among bird species. Information about the bird’s lifespan in captivity is limited due to it not frequently being kept as pets or in zoos.

10. Additional Notes
In Hindi language, the Great Thick-knee is known as “Mahan Gathi Tutodi.” The species plays an essential role in the ecosystem as a form of insect control, by feeding mostly on insects. Typically, Great Thick-knees have limited interaction with humans as they prefer undisturbed habitats. However, they have been known to adapt to human presence like in areas where locals do casual fishing.