Top 13 Birds Of Africa (ID Guide With Pictures)
Africa is home to some of the most stunning and iconic birds in the world. From the vibrant feathers of the beautiful sunbird to the majestic wingspan of the martial eagle, Africa has a remarkable variety of birds. If you love nature or are planning a safari, this article will show you 15 of the most amazing birds in Africa. Get ready to be amazed by their beauty and unique traits.
Iconic Large Birds of Africa
Africa is home to some of the world’s most impressive and unique large bird species. Two of the most iconic are the grey-crowned crane and the shoebill.
1. Grey Crowned Crane
The grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum), also known as the crested crane, is easy to spot. It stands about 1 meter tall with a wingspan of 2 meters. These birds have a bright red throat pouch, white face, blue eyes, and a striking crown of golden feathers.
Grey crowned cranes are one of only two crane species that can perch in trees. They have a beautiful mating dance. This dance includes bowing, jumping, and spreading their wings, which they may do all year. Sadly, these endangered African birds face threats from losing their homes and being hunted by some farmers.
2. Shoebill
The shoebill (Balaeniceps rex) looks like a bird from the Stone Age. It can grow up to 1.5 meters tall with a wingspan of 2.5 meters. Its massive, shoe-shaped bill can be up to 24 cm long and 20 cm wide.
This solitary crane species in Africa lives in freshwater swamps. It waits patiently to ambush fish, frogs, and water snakes. With only about 5,000 to 8,000 shoebills left in central and east Africa, this unique African bird is endangered.
3. Common Ostrich
The common ostrich (Struthio camelus) is the biggest bird alive today. It can grow up to 2.74 meters (9 feet) tall and weigh over 150 kilograms (340 pounds). This makes the ostrich a sight to behold in Africa.
Ostriches live in Africa’s grasslands and savannas, like the Serengeti and Maasai Mara. They can run very fast, over 70 km/h (40 mph), and take huge strides. Their long legs help them move and also defend themselves, with a strong kick that can hurt or kill predators.
These birds lay the biggest eggs of any bird alive. An ostrich egg is like two dozen hens’ eggs together. Males fight to have a group of two to seven females. Sadly, the North African ostrich is now very rare and is on the endangered list.
But the common ostrich is still doing well overall. They are adaptable and have survived in many parts of Africa. This makes them a special and important part of Africa’s wildlife.
4. Flamingos
Flamingos are among the most iconic birds in Africa. They are a sight to see. Two species, the greater and lesser flamingos, live on the African continent.
Lesser Flamingo
The lesser flamingo is the smallest in the flamingo family. It can be up to 5 feet tall and weighs 4 to 8 pounds. These birds get their bright pink color from the food they eat in salty lakes.
They live mainly in East Africa’s Rift Valley Lakes. Their biggest breeding spot is at Lake Natron in Tanzania. Here, up to 75% of the world’s lesser flamingos nest. Other important places for them include Lake Bogoria and Lake Nakuru in Kenya, and the Makgadikgadi salt pans in Botswana.
| Characteristic | Lesser Flamingo | Greater Flamingo |
|---|---|---|
| Height | 80-90 cm | 120-150 cm |
| Weight | 1.2-2.7 kg | 2.8-4 kg |
| Wingspan | 90-105 cm | 140-170 cm |
| Conservation Status | Near Threatened | Least Concern |
Once, there were up to 2 million lesser flamingos. But now, their numbers are going down. This is because of habitat loss, pollution, and disturbance at their homes. Efforts are being made to save this special bird and its home.
Birds of Prey in Africa
5. Vultures
African vultures are nature’s cleanup crew, eating the leftovers of dead animals. They love fresh meat but can even eat flesh that’s too rotten for others.
A group of vultures can clean a carcass in just a few hours. They have few feathers on their heads and necks to avoid getting sick from bacteria and parasites in rotting bodies. You can see them in many countries like Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa.
6. Secretary Bird
The secretary bird is a stunning bird from Africa. It’s over 4 feet tall, known for its long pink legs, bare red face, and sharp beak. Unlike other birds, it hunts on the ground, catching small rodents, amphibians, and reptiles. It kills its prey by stomping on it with its powerful feet. You can find the secretary bird in the open lands from Senegal to Somalia and down to South Africa.
| Vulture Species in Africa | Distinctive Features | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
| Lappet-faced Vulture | Largest vulture in Africa, with a distinctive large beak and wattle on the neck | Arid and semi-arid regions of Africa |
| White-backed Vulture | Smaller size, with a white back and underwings | Savannas and grasslands across sub-Saharan Africa |
| Hooded Vulture | Smallest vulture in Africa, with a distinctive hooded appearance | Found in a variety of habitats, including urban areas, across Africa |
Birds of Africa
Africa is a paradise for bird lovers, with over 2,500 bird species. You’ll find everything from tiny sunbirds and bee-eaters to big marabou storks and shoebills. These birds are a must-see for anyone who loves nature.
Many birds migrate to Africa after breeding, like the Amur falcon and white stork. They come for the great weather and plenty of food. Africa is home to many unique birds, with places like Madagascar and Seychelles having over a hundred each.
- The list of the top 15 birds of Africa contains 2,712 species.
- Algeria has 1 endemic bird species, while Angola has 10.
- Cameroon boasts 7 endemic bird species, and Mauritius has 28.
- Madagascar is home to an astounding 109 endemic bird species.
- The Canary Islands, Réunion, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, and South Africa all have their own unique endemic birds.
- Tanzania showcases 29 endemic bird species, while Somalia features 8.
- Namibia has 1 endemic bird species, and Madagascar has 4 more endemic birds found only on Rodrigues.
- Both the Nightingale Islands and Tristan da Cunha have 1 endemic bird species each.
Africa is a top spot for birdwatchers because of its diverse bird life. You can see both migratory and unique birds. Africa’s birds will amaze and inspire you.
7. Marabou Stork
The marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) is a huge bird from sub-Saharan Africa. It’s called the “undertaker bird” because of its scary look. This bird is one of the biggest birds alive, with a wingspan of up to 3.2 meters.
These birds are important in their ecosystem. They clean up dead animals and rot, stopping diseases from spreading. They eat many things like termites, flamingos, small birds, mammals, and even trash. This makes them key to keeping cities and the countryside clean.
| Marabou Stork Characteristics | Measurements |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 2.25 – 2.87 meters |
| Height | Up to 1.52 meters |
| Weight | 9 kilograms |
| Bill Length | 26.4 – 35 centimeters |
| Lifespan | 25 years in the wild, 43 years in captivity |
Marabou storks may look bad, but they’re really interesting. They like grass fires and poop on their legs to stay cool. These birds also live together in big groups, making nests in trees during the dry season.
Marabou storks show how nature can thrive. While many birds are getting fewer because of humans, these birds are doing well. They’re even moving into cities. Their story teaches us that even odd-looking creatures are crucial for our world’s balance.
8. Kori Bustard
The kori bustard is a giant among African savanna birds. It’s one of the biggest flying birds in Africa. These birds live on the ground most of the time. They fly only to get away from predators.
These birds are huge, with males reaching 3 feet tall and weighing up to 40 pounds. They live in southern and eastern Africa’s grasslands and savannas. They eat insects, small animals, and plants.
Impressive Size and Characteristics
- The kori bustard is listed as Near Threatened according to the IUCN 3.1.
- Male kori bustards can weigh between 7 and 18 kg, with some exceptional specimens reaching up to 20 kg.
- Female kori bustards average between 4.8 to 6.1 kg, with variation influenced by environmental conditions.
- The wingspan of male kori bustards ranges from 230 to 275 cm, while females have a wingspan of around 177 to 220 cm.
- The larger male kori bustards, averaging 12.2 kg in Serengeti National Park, might be considered as one of the heaviest living flying animals.
- The female kori bustard is significantly smaller than the male, measuring around 90 to 112 cm in length compared to 105 to 135 cm for males.
The kori bustard is a giant of the African savanna. It’s a bird that captures the hearts of birdwatchers and nature lovers. These birds show the amazing diversity and strength of Africa’s birds.
9. Lilac-breasted Roller
The lilac-breasted roller is a stunning bird found in southern and eastern Africa. It’s known for its bright colors and loves to perch in the savanna. It searches for food like insects and small animals. Its name comes from its beautiful lilac throat and breast.
This bird has feathers in many colors like turquoise, green, and blue. Its call is different, sounding like a harsh crow’s. Yet, it’s one of the most beautiful birds in Africa’s savannas.
This bird is not rare, so bird lovers often see it. It has two types, C. c. caudatus and C. c. lorti. You can find them from Eritrea to southern Africa, including Namibia and South Africa.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) |
| Species | Coracias caudatus |
| Subspecies |
|
| Average Mass | 104 grams |
| Length | 36 to 38 centimeters (inclusive of 8 to 9 cm tail streamer) |
| Wingspan Range | 50 to 58 cm |
The lilac-breasted roller is a wonder of the African savanna. It amazes birdwatchers with its bright colors and interesting ways. Whether it’s sitting in a tree or flying high, this bird is a sight to see in Africa.
10. Beautiful Sunbird
The beautiful sunbird is often called Africa’s hummingbird. These small birds live in tropical Africa and feed on nectar. They belong to the Nectariniidae family and are known for their shiny feathers.
The male beautiful sunbird has metallic green and red feathers. These feathers stand out against its black throat, belly, and wings. It has a thin, downcurved bill and a long tongue perfect for drinking nectar.
These birds live in savannas, woodlands, and gardens across their range. They can be found from Senegal and Guinea to Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya.
11. Africa’s Hummingbirds
Sunbirds are also known as Africa’s hummingbirds because of their size and flying style. They may not be as big as American hummingbirds, but they are just as beautiful. There are over 145 species of sunbirds, making them a colorful part of Africa’s bird life.
In Tanzania, there are 51 sunbird species, the most in Africa. Uganda, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa also have many sunbirds. These birds and their relatives, the spiderhunters, help pollinate plants in their habitats.
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Conservation Status | Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) |
| Length | 10 cm (4 in) with the breeding male’s long tail adding another 5 cm (2 in) |
| Range | From Senegal and Guinea in the west to Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya in the east |
| Eggs Laid | One or two in a suspended nest in a tree |
| Distribution | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda |
| Habitat | Open habitats with some trees, including savannah, riverside thickets, mangroves, beachside, and gardens |
12. Namibian Near-Endemics
Namibia is known for its unique Namib Desert and high central plateau. It’s home to a variety of bird species. The country has only one true endemic bird, the Dune Lark. But, it also has 14 near-endemic species that are mostly found here.
These near-endemic birds include the Hartlaub’s Francolin, Rüppell’s Bustard, and Rosy-faced Lovebird. Others are the Rüppell’s Parrot, Monteiro’s Hornbill, and Damara Hornbill. You’ll also find the Barlow’s Lark, Benguella Lark, Gray’s Lark, Herero Chat, White-tailed Shrike, Rockrunner, and Bare-cheeked Babbler. These birds live in different parts of Namibia, from the Namib Desert to the central highlands.
The Rosy-faced Lovebird lives in Social Weavers’ colonies. The Rüppell’s Parrot hides in Acacia woodlands. Hartlaub’s Francolin is best seen at dawn. Damara Hornbill is common in Etosha National Park.
Rüppell’s Bustard likes dry, flat areas near the Namib. Monteiro’s Hornbill lives in the drier woodlands of central Namibia.
Namibia has over 700 bird species. These near-endemic birds show how rich in biodiversity the country is. When you visit Namibia, look out for these special birds. They are part of the endemic birds of Namibia, Namibia’s near-endemic birds, and the unique birds of the Namib desert.
13. Dune Lark
In the Namib Desert, one of the driest places on Earth lives a special bird – the Dune Lark. It’s unique to Namibia and can’t be found anywhere else. This bird loves the dry riverbeds between the dunes, not the dunes themselves.
The Dune Lark looks perfect for the desert. Its colors match the red sand, from reddish-brown to sandy hues. It’s the only bird that calls Namibia home, living in a small area within the country.
The Adaptable Dune Lark
The Dune Lark has learned to survive in the harsh Namib Desert. It’s the only bird made for this dry place. It has special ways to keep cool and save water, showing how well it’s adapted.
Even though it’s not as famous as some African birds, the Dune Lark is special. It’s Namibia’s only bird that’s truly its own. With its beautiful looks and survival skills, it’s a highlight for anyone who loves birds or nature in Namibia.
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Wrapping Up…
Africa is a paradise for birds, with over 2,500 species. It has everything from the big birds like the grey crowned crane and the common ostrich to the colorful lilac-breasted roller and the beautiful sunbird. These birds are just as amazing as the famous safari animals.
The prehistoric shoebill, the big secretary bird, and the beautiful flamingos are just a few of the birds you can see in Africa. The continent is full of unique birds that live there all the time and others that come to visit. Protecting these areas is key to keeping the birds safe from climate change and harm to their homes.
When you go on an adventure in Africa, get ready to see the amazing variety of African bird diversity. From the top birds of Africa to the hidden gems, there’s a lot to discover through birding in Africa. Africa’s birds show us the beauty of nature and need our love and care.
