merlin bird
1. Bird Name
The bird we are focusing on in this profile is the Merlin, also known by its scientific name, Falco columbarius.
2. Appearance
Merlins are sleek, mid-sized birds with pointed wings and a long tail. The species appears in three color morphs: dark, intermediate, and light. Males generally have blue-grey to black back and wings, with barred light-grey belly and chest. Females and juveniles are usually a brownish hue with dark streaks. Merlins also feature banded tails with white tips, a characteristic that differentiates them from other falcons. Their beaks are beady, sharply hooked, and black in color. Their eyes are large and dark brown or black, framed by a pale eyebrow stripe.
3. Size
An adult Merlin has an average length of about 25–32 centimeters (10–12 inches) with a wingspan ranging from 53 to 69 centimeters (21 to 27 inches). Merlin weights vary with gender; males typically weigh between 165 and 210 grams, while females are heavier, weighing between 230 and 315 grams.
4. Habitat & Distribution
Merlins can be found across the northern hemisphere in continents such as North America, Europe, Asia, and even as far south as northern areas of Africa. However, the permanency of their residence tends to change with the seasons. During the summer, merlins can be found in open and semi-open habitats, which can range from moorland to taiga. In the winter months, they prefer coastal areas, wetlands, and open country.
5. Interesting Facts
These birds are known for their impressive flight acrobatics and speed, often flying low to the ground at high speed while hunting. Unlike many bird species, Merlin pairs often return to the same area to breed each year. Culturally, merlins were the bird of choice for lady falconers in medieval Europe because of their small size and feisty nature.
6. Diet
Merlins are excellent hunters, feeding primarily on small to medium-sized birds, but will also prey on insects and occasionally small mammals.
7. Behavior & Sounds
The Merlin is known for its distinctive flight style. It flies fast and low, often hugging the contour of the land. During hunting, it surprises its prey, often attacking with a rapid, direct flight. Its call is a high-pitched, repeating “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki.”
8. Conservation Status
Currently, the Merlin is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. However, its population in Europe has declined due to habitat loss.
9. Lifespan
A Merlin’s life expectancy in the wild is typically around 5–6 years, but some individuals have been known to live up to 10 years.
10. Additional Notes
Merlins are also known as ‘pigeon hawks’ in North America because of their pigeon-like flight. They play a valuable role in their ecosystems by helping to control populations of small birds and insects. Merlins have also been observed taking advantage of larger birds, such as Northern Harriers, to flush prey out of hiding. These instances exhibit their wide range of behaviors, making them a fascinating subject for birdwatchers and scientists alike.
